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false cognate
False cognates are pairs of words that seem to be cognates because of similar sounds and meaning, but actually have different etymologies; these word pairs can be within the same language or be from different ones. This is different from false friends, which may in fact be related but have different meanings. Even though false cognates lack a common root, there may still be an indirect connection between them (for example through phono-semantic matching or folk etymology).
As an example of false cognates, the Spanish words ''mucho'' and ''haber'' mean roughly the same as and look similar to the English words ''much'' and ''have'', but are in fact unrelated.
==Phenomenon==
The term "false cognate" is sometimes misused to refer to false friends, but the two phenomena are distinct. False friends occur when two words in different languages or dialects look similar, but have different meanings. While some false friends are also false cognates, many are genuine cognates (see False friends § Causes). For example, English ''pretend'' and French ''prétendre'' are false friends, but not false cognates, as they have the same origin.
A related phenomenon is the expressive loan, which looks like a native construction, but is not.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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